The search for exudates from Eurasian watermilfoil and hydrilla

Abstract

Secondary metabolites are produced by aquatic plants, and in some instances, exudation of these metabolites into the surrounding water has been detected. To determine whether infestations of Eurasian watermilfoil or hydrilla produce such exudates, plant tissues and water samples were collected from laboratory cultures and pond populations and were analyzed using solid phase extraction, HPLC, and various methods of mass spectrometry including electrospray ionization, GC/MS, electron impact and chemical ionization. Previously reported compounds such as tellimagrandin II (from Eurasian watermilfoil) and a caffeic acid ester (from hvdrilla), along with a newly discovered flavonoid, cyanidin 3 dimalonyl glucoside (from hydrilla), were readily detected in plant tissues used in this research but were not detected in any of the water samples. If compounds are being released, as suggested by researchers using axenic cultures, we hypothesize that they may be rapidly degraded by bacteria and therefore undetectable.